Materi

 

Berikut ini Materi Bahasa Inggris Wajib Kelas X Semester 1 Materi Pokok : KD 3.4 dan 4.4 Teks Deskriptive terkait tempat wisata dan bangunan bersejarah terkenal.

I. Read and Answer the following questions.

Benteng Pendem (Indonesian for "Buried Fort"; Dutch: Kustbatterij op de Landtong te Tjilatjap) is an abandoned Dutch fortress in Cilacap Regency, Central Java, which has become the region's main tourist attraction. Built between 1861 and 1879, the fortress originally served to defend the important port of Cilacap, though after a series of changes in ownership it fell into disrepair in the 1960s. In 1987, it was opened to the public.

The pentagon-shaped site covers 6.5 hectares (16 acres), and consists of both original buildings – including barracks, a clinic, and a prison – as well as several later additions. It is a Cultural Property of Indonesia

Administratively, Benteng Pendem is located in Kebonjati Hamlet, Cilacap Regency, Central Java, southeast of the regional capital Cilacap and on the southern coast of Java.Behind the former fortress are oil storage facilities belonging to Pertamina, as well as a Dutch graveyard. To the east of the fortress is Teluk Penyu Beach, and across the bay is Nusa Kambangan Island. Busses to the fortress are available from the Cilacap bus terminal. 

The pentagon-shaped Benteng Pendem covers a total of 10.5 hectares (26 acres), though 4 hectares (9.9 acres) have been used for the oil storage facilities. On site is an excavated moat, 500 meters (1,600 ft) long, 5 meters (16 ft) wide by 2–3 meters (6 ft 7 in–9 ft 10 in) deep. Originally, the moat had been 10 meters (33 ft) deep and surrounded the fortifications. The tourist entrance on the eastern side of the fortress, built by the Cilacap government after opening it to the public, is located in what was originally the rear of the Benteng Pendem. Around the fortress, there are 11 places where cannons were originally sited. 

The fortress includes a prison, a two-story ammunition hold, a 113-metre (371 ft) long tunnel with four entrances, a barracks building with fourteen chambers, a clinic, and 330 meters (1,080 ft) of fortifications. These structures, constructed of brick which is covered in plaster, are located under 1–3 meters (3 ft 3 in–9 ft 10 in) of dirt, giving the fortress its popular name; from a distance, the buildings resemble mounds. They are generally in poor condition owing to exposure to the elements, particularly seawater and moisture. All are in the same architectural style, and many more are thought to remain buried – including an undersea tunnel to Nusa Kambangan. 

Since Benteng Pendem was opened to the public, amusements and other facilities have been constructed on-site, including swings, slides, and dinosaur statues. Guides to the fortress are available. 

(Taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benteng_Pendem_(Cilacap)#cite_note FOOTNOTEWicaksono2013-4) 

1. What is it talking about?

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2. Where is it located?

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3. What are behind the fortress?

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4. What is to the east of the fortress?

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5. What is across the bay?

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6. How large is the area of the fortress?

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7. How many parts are there in the fortress?

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II. Read the generic structure of the text carefully and Answer the following questions.

Title : Nusakambangan

Identification: 

Nusa Kambangan (also Nusakambangan, Kambangan island, or Pulau Nusa Kambangan) island is located in the Indian Ocean, separated by a narrow strait from the south coast of Java; the closest port is Cilacap in Central Java province. Dubbed by one international journalist the "Alcatraz of Indonesia",the island is notorious for its maximum securityprisons, home to convicted murderers, terrorists, drug traffickers, and those convicted in high-profile corruption cases. It is sometimes known as Execution Island because the island is the main location for carrying out capital punishment around Java. 

Descriptions: 

The island was made into a prison island during the Dutch period. The colonial government built a high security prison on the isolated island to exile criminals and political dissidents. The prison on Nusakambangan was opened in the mid-1920s by Indonesia's Dutch colonial rulers and was once considered the harshest penal institution in Southeast Asia. The island was declared off-limits in 1905 by the Dutch. 

Its use as a prison island continued after independence. During the rule of former PresidentSuharto, hundreds of political dissidents were imprisoned on the island. Most were political prisoners, members of the banned Communist Party of Indonesia or sympathizers. These political prisoners were never brought to trial, and many of them died from hunger or illness. 

In 1996, the island was finally opened to the public as a tourist destination.

The island has also been involved in refugee handling. About 140 Afghan refugeeswere detained on the island after their boat, which was en route to Christmas Island, Australia, sank in rough seas on August 17, 2001. However, more than 90 of these refugees would later escape on September 19, 2001, sailing away in small fishing boats and are believed to have headed for Australia. 

The island was also affected by the 2006 Pangandaran earthquake and tsunami, when a 7.7-magnitude undersea earthquake occurred off the coast of west Java. At least 11 villagers disappeared and 8 people were killed in the ensuing tsunami, two of which were prisoners at one of the Permisan prisons. At least fifteen inmates on the Nusakambangan prison island near Pangandaran were also missing. 

Nusakambangan is separated from Java by the narrow Segara Anakan strait. Being isolated from mainland Java, the island is relatively under-developed and less inhabited and the wildlife is better preserved.The eastern side of a bay is a nature reserve area where an old Dutchfortress is located on the Karangbandung beach. As a lowland tropical rain forest, Nusakambangan is biologically diverse. 

More than 71 different bird species, 14 reptile species and various mammal species are found in the island. Twenty-three bird species are classified as protected, including Pacific reef heron (Egretta sacra), woolly-necked stork (Ciconia episcopus), lesser adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus), white-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), brahminy kite (Haliastur indus), and crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela). Several other protected mammal species include the black-spotted leopard (Panthera pardus), Javan muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and Javan mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus). Four of six endemicprimates in Java, namely Javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus), the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), Javan surili (Presbytis comata), and kukang (Nycticebus sp.), have been reported to live on the island. 

The island population is 3,000, excluding the prison inmates and staff; most inhabitants are Javanese. Their main occupation is fishery and some work in rubber and teak plantations. However, illegal logging activities, mostly conducted by outsiders, threaten the island environment. Such activities have resulted in a vast critically threatened land area of approximately 30 km2. 

There are nine prisons built in the island, seven of which are still used (an eighth super max prison is under construction): Permisan prison, built in 1908, Batu prison, built in 1925, Besi prison, built in 1929, Kembangkuning prison, built in 1950.There are also five inactive prisons: Nirbaya prison, built in 1912, Karanganyar prison, built in 1912, Karangtengah prison, built in 1928, Gliger prison, built in 1929, Limusbuntu prison, built in 1935. 

All of these were built by the Dutch, except Kembangkuning prison, which was built after independence. Of these, Batu (literally "stone") prison is considered the most famous. 

From the mid-1990s, the island was intermittently promoted by local authorities as a tourist destination, primarily for its caves, beaches, and unusual wildlife that is extinct on Java. 

Notable attractions include Permisan beach (Pantai Permisan) with its beautiful white and gray sands near the Permisan jail lighthouse, Ranca Babakan on the west coast of the island, White Sands beach (Pantai Pasir Putih), and several caves such as Queen's cave (Goa Ratu). According to the Cilacap Tourism Office, Nusakambangan was opened as a tourist destination following an agreement between the Central Java Governor and Ministry of Justice in 1996. The Cilacap government then invested some Rp 1.7 billion (around $200,000) in preparations for the opening up of the island, most of which was used on the construction of tourist-related infrastructure. A special agency was also established to manage tourism on the island, with the Nusakambangan Prison warden made head of the agency and Cilacap Tourism Office chief as the deputy. No individual tourists are allowed, all of the tourists within a group of minimum 15 persons which is arranged by tourist agency then will be accompanied by security officers until maximum 6 p.m without overnight stay. 

One of the main cultural events is Sedekah Laut (sea sacrifice), which is held by the Surakarta Sunanate every Satu Suro (new year) in the Javanese Calendar. 

(Taken from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Kambangan) 

Questions:

1. When was Nusakambangan Island finally opened to the public as a tourist destination?

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2. Mention three notable attractions in Nusakambangan Island.

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3. How many different bird species, reptile species and mammal species are found in the island?

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4. How many prisons are there in Nusakambangan?

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